This field guide is being reviewed and revised for accuracy. Some content may change before the target freeze on 30 July 2026.
Achala Arunalu Achala Arunalu Fintech Stablecoin IC Stablecoin banking | Cards | Crypto payments | Fraud/AML | Treasury ops LinkedIn

Interactive field guide

Learn how a stablecoin fintech platform works end to end: payments, cards, identity, risk, treasury, and operations as one connected system.

Use this guide as a product map, not a pile of API pages. Start with the recommended path, use the master map when you need the whole system, and use the canonical topic map to avoid repeating the same KYC, KYT, ledger, and risk ideas in every section.

Customer Wallet & card app
Product services Onboarding · Wallet · Cards
Risk + treasury Treasury & ledger
Onboard, hold a balance, deposit, spend a card, transfer, withdraw, screen risk, post to the ledger, settle, and reconcile.
Achala Arunalu

Built by Achala Arunalu

Fintech stablecoin IC for product teams building real money systems.

I build practical stablecoin products across banking, card issuing, crypto payments, fiat rails, fraud and AML, treasury settlement, reconciliation, and internal operations tooling.

Stablecoin banking Cards + recon Crypto payments KYC/KYT/AML Treasury ops

Guided path finder

Start with the fintech job you are doing

Pick a product persona and the problems you need to solve. The site will trim the tutorial library to the most useful path so you are not forced through every section.

1. Choose your lens

2. Add current needs

Master platform map

How products, providers, custody, and the customer ledger connect

Each product has its own lifecycle, but all money-impacting paths meet at the same control points: risk and identity decisions, provider adapters, custody infrastructure, and the internal customer ledger.

Product surfaces

Crypto Payments API Quotes, payment intents, deposits, settlement, refunds.
Stablecoin Cards API Cardholders, cards, controls, authorizations, holds.
Card Ops + Ops Controls Clearing, disputes, exceptions, customer-safe status.

Decision layer

Fraud, AML, and KYT Fraud signals, wallet risk, transaction monitoring, cases.
KYC / KYB eligibility Applicants, review results, card and payout eligibility.
Security + events Scopes, idempotency, signatures, audit, event catalog, replay.

Provider adapters

Card issuing provider Provider cards, auth callbacks, clearing files, dispute events.
Custody provider Vaults, deposit addresses, wallet policy, on-chain transactions.
Fiat & local rails Local integrators, banks, PIX, SPEI, ACH, SEPA.

Financial truth

CustomerLedgerAccount Available balance, holds, posted debits and credits, fees, adjustments.
Ledger entries Deposit credit, card hold, card debit, refund debit, payout debit.
Recon and finance Provider records, custody balances, settlement batches, reports.

The custody provider is the infrastructure that observes and moves on-chain assets. The internal customer ledger is the balance source of truth: deposits credit it, card authorizations reserve it, clearing posts debits, refunds and payouts reduce it, fiat rails move local money, and reconciliation proves it.

Canonical topic map

Where each idea should live

If a section only touches a topic, link to the owner below instead of restating it. This keeps the tutorial focused and makes future changes easier.

Tutorial library

Ten focused sections

Open a section when you need the detail. Each page now declares what it owns and links out for related topics.

Showing the recommended path for Stablecoin banking PM.

Customer wallet 3 flows

Wallet & Transfers

Learn how a customer adds stablecoin on-chain, withdraws to an external wallet, and sends to another customer, with the controls that keep pay-ins and payouts safe.

  • Chain-initiated deposits and source KYT
  • Allowlisting, limits, step-up, Travel Rule
  • Instant off-chain internal transfers
Open tutorial
Risk controls 3 flows

Fraud & AML Engine

Learn how product events flow into a fraud engine, how decisions come back, and where a fraud and risk provider fits for fraud, AML, device, and case signals.

  • Allow, step-up, review, and block decisions
  • AML screening and ongoing monitoring
  • Provider adapter and webhook pattern
Open tutorial
Identity 3 flows

KYC / KYB Verification

Learn how applicants are created, how verification is handed off to a KYC provider, and how review results gate stablecoin cards.

  • Applicant and verification level setup
  • Document, liveness, sanctions, and review result flow
  • Eligibility signal for card provisioning
Open tutorial
Issuing 2 flows

Stablecoin Cards

Learn how KYC-approved cardholders are provisioned, how a card issuing provider connects behind an adapter, and how a real-time card authorization is approved or declined.

  • Cardholder, card, and controls setup
  • Fast authorization decision endpoint
  • Holds, clearing, and future reconciliation hooks
Open tutorial
Card operations 4 flows

Card Auth, Clearing & Recon

Learn the operational lifecycle after a card exists: real-time authorization, reversals, clearing, issuer settlement, auto-recon, and manual reconciliation.

  • Authorization decisions and hold expiry
  • Clearing, settlement, and ledger posting
  • Auto-recon and exception workflows
Open tutorial
Ops controls 5 flows

Disputes & Ops Controls

Learn how refunds, card disputes, chargebacks, freezes, AML holds, evidence packs, and operational SLAs work across crypto and card products.

  • Crypto exceptions and refund decisions
  • Card dispute evidence and outcomes
  • Risk holds, freezes, and release controls
Open tutorial
Money journey 4 flows

End-to-End Money Journey

Follow value from a customer deposit through risk, custody, ledger, settlement, card spend, clearing, reconciliation, disputes, and finance reporting.

  • One map across crypto, cards, and treasury
  • Ledger, holds, settlement, and recon truth
  • Events that tell every service what changed
Open tutorial
Local rails 4 flows

Fiat & Local Rails

Learn how local fiat collections and payouts route through country rails like PIX, SPEI, ACH, SEPA, and Faster Payments without mixing rail state with customer ledger truth.

  • Rail vs currency, cutoffs, and country requirements
  • Local rail provider adapters and partner banks
  • Ledger impact, provider obligations, and fiat reconciliation
Open tutorial
Operations 4 flows

Ops Playbooks & Glossary

Give support, risk, finance, product, and engineering a shared operating language for incidents, cases, SLAs, glossary terms, and escalations.

  • Playbooks for common payment breaks
  • Risk, AML, dispute, and settlement escalation paths
  • Glossary that makes terms unambiguous
Open tutorial
Internal service 3 flows

Stablecoin Settlement & Treasury API

Follow the system beneath the wallet and card APIs: provider custody, USDC ledgering, mint and burn lifecycle, optional staking policy, locked FX quotes, and dual payout rails.

  • Deposit addresses and custody
  • Double-entry USDC ledger
  • Mint, burn, stake, payout, and reconcile
Open tutorial

Mental model

How the layers compose

Use this table when deciding where a concept belongs. The first column is the owner; other pages should link back instead of repeating the same explanation.

Layer
Primary job
Objects to watch
Wallet & Transfers
Move customer stablecoin: on-chain deposits into spendable balance, withdrawals to external wallets, and internal transfers, with allowlisting, limits, step-up, and Travel Rule.
WalletAccount, DepositAddress, Deposit, AllowlistedAddress, Withdrawal, InternalTransfer, walletEvent.
Fraud & AML Engine
Normalize risk events, run KYT transaction monitoring, call external risk providers, and return decisions to product and treasury services.
RiskSession, RiskEvent, RiskDecision, KytTransaction, AmlScreening, Case, providerWebhook.
KYC / KYB
Verify people and businesses, map provider review results, and publish eligibility for regulated products.
Applicant, VerificationLevel, AccessToken, ReviewResult, EligibilityDecision, kycProviderWebhook.
Stablecoin Cards
Provision KYC-approved cardholders and authorize card spend against stablecoin balances through an issuer adapter.
Cardholder, Card, CardControl, CardAuthorization, CardTransaction, issuerWebhook.
Card Ops
Convert network events into ledger holds, clearing postings, settlement records, and reconciled operational truth.
AuthorizationHold, ClearingRecord, SettlementBatch, ReconciliationRun, ReconException.
Ops Controls
Resolve exceptional money movement with policy, evidence, customer communication, and audit-safe control actions.
PaymentException, RefundDecision, CardDispute, ControlAction, OpsCase, OpsIncident.
Money Journey
Explain where value, risk, ledger entries, customer state, provider obligations, and finance truth move end to end.
MoneyJourney, ValueState, LedgerMovement, ProviderObligation, FinanceEvent.
Fiat & Local Rails
Route local collections and payouts through country rails, local providers, banks, cutoffs, returns, and settlement reports.
FiatRoute, FiatCollectionIntent, FiatPayment, FiatPayout, ProviderObligation, FiatReconciliationRun.
Ops Playbooks
Turn incidents, exception handling, escalation paths, and glossary definitions into repeatable operating practice.
Playbook, RunbookStep, EscalationPolicy, GlossaryTerm, Postmortem.
Treasury Settlement API
Custody, ledger, mint, burn, optional staking, and pay out value through crypto or fiat rails.
LedgerAccount, Deposit, MintRequest, BurnRequest, YieldAllocation, FxQuote, Payout.